The State Alabama

Size: 52, 420 square miles

Nickname(s): The Yellowhammer State; The Heart of Dixie; The Cotton State

Motto: Audemus jura nostra defendere (“We dare maintain our rights”)

Tree: Southern Longleaf Pine

Flower: Camellia

Bird: Yellowhammer Woodpecker (Northern Flicker)

Interesting Facts

• In 1919, the city of Enterprise erected a monument to the boll weevil in recognition of the destructive insect’s role in saving the county’s economy by encouraging farmers to grow more lucrative crops such as peanuts instead of traditional cotton.

• The DeSoto Caverns near the city of Birmingham, which contain a 2, 000-year-old Native American burial site, served as a clandestine speakeasy with dancing and gambling during Prohibition.

• Alabama was the first state to declare Christmas a legal holiday, in 1836.

• The Tuskegee Airmen, the first African-American flying unit in the U.S. military, were trained in Alabama. Their accomplished combat record, including the accumulation of more than 850 medals, was an important factor in President Truman’s decision to desegregate armed forces in 1948.

• In 1965, five months before President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act prohibiting discriminatory voting practices, thousands of non-violent protesters joined a 54-mile march from Selma to Montgomery to bring attention to the injustice African Americans faced when attempting to register to vote.